โญ GERMAN A1 โญ

ALPHABET &

CORE PRONUNCIATION

Learn the letters. Hear the sounds. Speak with confidence!

A a

/ah/

๐ŸŽ

Apfel

(apple)

B b

/beh/

๐Ÿž

Brot

(bread)

C c

/tseh/

โ˜•

Cafรฉ

(cafรฉ)

D d

/deh/

๐Ÿ 

Dorf

(village)

E e

/eh/

๐Ÿด

Essen

(food)

F f

/eff/

๐ŸŸ

Fisch

(fish)

G g

/geh/

๐ŸŽ

Garten

(garden)

H h

/hah/

๐Ÿก

Haus

(house)

I i

/ee/

๐Ÿ‘ฆ๐Ÿป

ich

(I)

J j

/yot/

๐Ÿ—“๏ธ

Jahr

(year)

K k

/kah/

๐Ÿง’

Kind

(child)

L l

/ell/

๐Ÿช”

Lampe

(lamp)

M m

/emm/

๐Ÿ‘จ๐Ÿป

Mann

(man)

N n

/enn/

๐Ÿ“›

Name

(name)

O o

/oh/

๐ŸŠ

Obst

(fruit)

P p

/peh/

โœ‰๏ธ

Post

(mail)

Q q

/koo/

๐Ÿ’ง

Quelle

(source)

R r

/err/

๐ŸŒน

rot

(red)

S s

/ess/

โ˜€๏ธ

Sonne

(sun)

T t

/teh/

๐Ÿ“…

Tag

(day)

U u

/oo/

๐Ÿ•—

Uhr

(clock)

V v

/fau/

๐Ÿš

Vater

(father)

W w

/veh/

๐Ÿ’ง

Wasser

(water)

X x

/iks/

๐Ÿš•

Taxi

(taxi)

Y y

/ypsilon/

๐Ÿ’ก

Typ

(guy/type)

Z z

/tset/

โณ

Zeit

(time)

๐ŸŽง
German is pronounced the way it is written.
Say every letter!
๐Ÿ” WATCH OUT!
W
= V sound
Wasser
(water) ๐Ÿ’ง
V
= F sound
Vater
(father) ๐Ÿ‘จ๐Ÿป
J
= Y sound
Jahr
(year) ๐Ÿ—“๏ธ
Z
= TS sound
Zeit
(time) โณ
QUICK RULES
  • ๐Ÿ‘‚ German is a phonetic language. Most words are pronounced exactly as written.
  • ๐Ÿ’ฌ Pronounce every letter. There are no silent letters (almost none).
  • ๐Ÿ‘„ Pay attention to sounds that are different from English. Practice makes perfect!
๐ŸŽฏ REMEMBER
  • Listen carefully. ๐Ÿ‘‚
  • Repeat out loud. ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ
  • Practice every day! ๐Ÿ“…โœ”๏ธ
โญ GERMAN A1 โญ

UMLAUTS & รŸ

โ€” Small Letters โ€“ Big Difference! โ€”
Umlauts change the sound of a vowel.
รŸ (Eszett) has a special rule.
1
THE UMLAUTS: รค, รถ, รผ
รค
Sounds like
"e" as in
bed
HOW TO PRONOUNCE
Open your mouth a little, say "e". ๐Ÿ‘„
EXAMPLES
  • Mรคdchen (girl) ๐Ÿ‘ง
  • Bรคr (bear) ๐Ÿป
  • glรผcklich (happy) ๐Ÿ€
รถ
Sounds like
"e" with
rounded lips
HOW TO PRONOUNCE
Say "e" and round your lips. ๐Ÿ’‹
EXAMPLES
  • schรถn (beautiful) โœจ
  • hรถren (to hear) ๐Ÿ‘‚
  • grรถรŸer (bigger) โ†•๏ธ
รผ
Sounds like
"ee" with
rounded lips
HOW TO PRONOUNCE
Say "ee" and round your lips. ๐Ÿ’‹
EXAMPLES
  • mรผde (tired) ๐Ÿ˜ด
  • fรผnf (five) ๐ŸŸฃ
  • grรผn (green) ๐Ÿƒ
๐Ÿ’ก TIPS
  • Practice in front of a mirror.
  • Round your lips for รถ and รผ.
  • Short practice every day makes perfect!
QUICK COMPARISON
a = ah รค = e o = oh รถ = e (rounded) u = oo รผ = ee (rounded)
2
รŸ (ESZETT / SHARP S)
What is รŸ?

รŸ is a letter that sounds like "ss".

รŸ = ss
THE RULE

Use รŸ after a long vowel
or a diphthong (ai, ei, au, รคu, eu, etc.)

long vowel โ†’ รŸ โœ…
short vowel โ†’ ss โœ…
Use รŸ
(long vowel)
  • StraรŸe (street)
  • FuรŸ (foot)
  • groรŸ (big)
  • weiรŸ (white)
Use ss
(short vowel)
  • muss (must)
  • Kuss (kiss)
  • Essen (food)
  • lassen (to let)
๐Ÿ”” REMEMBER

Long sound = รŸ
Short sound = ss

Listen carefully to the vowel length!

3
PRACTICE: MINIMAL PAIRS
a vs รค
Different sound, different meaning!
Mann (man) ๐Ÿ‘จ
Mรคnner (men) ๐Ÿ‘จโ€๐Ÿ‘ฆ
lassen (to let) ๐Ÿšช
lรคssen (rare/archaic) ๐Ÿšช
backen (to bake) ๐Ÿž
Bรคcker (baker) ๐Ÿ‘จโ€๐Ÿณ
o vs รถ
Different sound, different meaning!
schon (already) ๐Ÿ•’
schรถn (beautiful) โœจ
Hof (courtyard) ๐Ÿก
Hรถflich (polite) ๐Ÿค
Sohn (son) ๐Ÿ‘ฆ
Sรถhne (sons) ๐Ÿ‘ฆ๐Ÿ‘ฆ
u / รผ
Different sound, different meaning!
muss (must)
mรผssen (must-plural) ๐Ÿ“‹
Buch (book) ๐Ÿ“˜
Bรผcher (books) ๐Ÿ“š
Tag (day) โ˜€๏ธ
Tรผte (bag) ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
4 OTHER SPECIAL CHARACTERS
ร„ รค = umlaut a
ร– รถ = umlaut o
รœ รผ = umlaut u
รŸ = sharp s (ss)
These
make German
unique! ๐Ÿ˜‰
5 QUICK RECAP
  • โœ… รค = e (open mouth)
  • โœ… รถ = e (rounded lips)
  • โœ… รผ = ee (rounded lips)
  • โœ… Use รŸ after long vowels
  • โœ… Use ss after short vowels
  • โœ… Practice daily! ๐ŸŽฏ
โญ GERMAN A1 โญ
German is very logical - every sound has a rule!

PHONETICS & SOUND RULES

Speak clearly. Sound natural. Build a strong foundation!
1 IMPORTANT SOUNDS
Sound / PatternHow it soundsExampleMouth / Tip
ch (soft)
(beginning)
Like a soft "h"
from the throat. ๐Ÿ”Š
ich (I) ๐Ÿ‘„ Relax throat
and breathe out.
ch (hard)
(after a,o,u)
A deeper, guttural
"ch". ๐Ÿ”Š
Bach (stream) ๐Ÿ‘„ Use back
of throat.
sch Like "sh"
in English. ๐Ÿ”Š
Schule (school) ๐Ÿ‘„ Smile slightly
push air out.
r Rolled or
guttural "r". ๐Ÿ”Š
rot (red) ๐Ÿ‘„ Roll "r" or
deep throat.
h A strong "h"
breath sound. ๐Ÿ”Š
Haus (house) ๐Ÿ‘„ Push air
out clearly.
2 COMMON COMBINATIONS
PatternSoundExampleHow to pronounce
eiLike "eye"mein (my)๐Ÿ‘„ Say "ai" (eye)
ieLike long "ee"Liebe (love)๐Ÿ‘„ Say "ee" (see)
euLike "oy"Freund (friend)๐Ÿ‘„ Say "oy" (boy)
auLike "ow"Haus (house)๐Ÿ‘„ Say "ow" (cow)
รคuLike "oy"Bรคume (trees)๐Ÿ‘„ Say "oy" (boy)
tschLike "ch"Tschรผss (bye)๐Ÿ‘„ Quick "ch"
3 CONSONANT COMBINATIONS
sp / st

At the beginning, add a short "sh" sound before the consonant.

๐Ÿ”Š Sport sh+p
๐Ÿ”Š Stein sh+t
Think: "shp", "sht"
sch

Always sounds like "sh", never "sk".

๐Ÿ”Š Schule
๐Ÿ”Š Sprache
Think: "sh"
ck

Always a hard "k", never "ck".

๐Ÿ”Š Bรคckerei
๐Ÿ”Š packen
Think: "k"
4 VOWEL LENGTH
Long Vowels ๐Ÿ•’

They sound longer.

  • a vowel + h (sehen)
  • double vowel (Boot)
  • some diphthongs (ei, au)
Examples:
๐Ÿ”Š sehen (to see)
๐Ÿ”Š Boot (boat)
๐Ÿ”Š mein (my)
Short Vowels โฑ๏ธ

They sound short.

  • a single vowel +
    double consonant
Examples:
๐Ÿ”Š Mann (man)
๐Ÿ”Š bitte (please)
๐Ÿ”Š Kaffee (coffee)
๐Ÿ’ก Tip: Long = more time   |   Short = quick and sharp
5 FINAL CONSONANTS

When a word ends in a consonant, pronounce it clearly and hard.

๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ
WrittenPronouncedExample
bpab = ap
dtRad = Rat
gkTag = Tak
chksechs = seks
รŸsStraรŸe = Strase
๐Ÿ’ก Don't drop the final sound - say it strong!
6 STRESS RULES

German words are usually stressed on the FIRST SYLLABLE. ๐Ÿ‘

Examples:
  • TAfel (table)
  • FENster (window)
  • ARbeit (work)
  • verSTEHen (understand)
Prefixes can shift stress!
machen → MAchen
verstehen → verSTEHen
๐Ÿ‘‚
๐Ÿ’ก Tip: Listen to native speakers and repeat!
7 QUICK REFERENCE
๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ Vowelsรค=e(bed) | รถ=e(rounded) | รผ=ee(rounded)
Long=longer | Short=shorter
๐Ÿ‘„ Consonantsch(soft)=h | ch(hard)=throat | sch=sh | r=rolled | h=strong
๐Ÿงฉ Combinationsei=eye | ie=ee | eu/รคu=oy | au=ow | tsch=ch
๐Ÿ“‹ Rulessp/st=shp/sht | ck=k | Final letters=hard | Stress=first syllable
8 PRACTICE TIPS
๐Ÿ‘‚
LISTEN
To simple words daily.
๐Ÿ‘„
REPEAT
Out loud clearly.
Practice Today,
Speak Confidently
Tomorrow!
โญ GERMAN A1 โญ
Grammatik
gibt Struktur.
รœbung macht
sicher! ๐Ÿ“š

GRAMMAR BASICS

Articles, Pronouns & Basic Sentence Building
โ€” The building blocks of every German sentence! โ€”
1 THE GERMAN ARTICLES

Every noun in German has a gender. Learn the 3 articles!

GENDER MASCULINE
(der)
FEMININE
(die)
NEUTER
(das)
PLURAL
(die)
MEANING the (masc.)
a (masc.)
the (fem.)
a (fem.)
the (neut.)
a (neut.)
the (plural)
- (no "a" in plural)
EXAMPLE
(NOMINATIVE)
der Mann
(a man)
die Frau
(a woman)
das Kind
(a child)
die Mรคnner
(the men)
EXAMPLE
(ACCUSATIVE)
den Mann
(a man)
die Frau
(a woman)
das Kind
(a child)
die Mรคnner
(the men)
๐Ÿ’ก TIP: Learn the gender together with the noun!
There are no 100% rules, so learn and practice.
2 PERSONAL PRONOUNS

These pronouns replace nouns in sentences.

NOMINATIVE
(Who?)
ACCUSATIVE
(Whom?)
MEANING
๐Ÿ‘ฆichmichI
๐Ÿ‘ฑโ€โ™€๏ธdudichyou (informal)
๐Ÿ‘จerihnhe
๐Ÿ‘ฉsiesieshe
๐Ÿ‘ถesesit
๐Ÿง‘โ€๐Ÿคโ€๐Ÿง‘wirunswe
๐Ÿ‘จโ€๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€๐Ÿ‘งihreuchyou (plural)
๐Ÿ‘”sie / Siesie / Siethey / you (formal)
๐Ÿ’ก TIP: Nominative = subject of the sentence
Accusative = direct object of the verb
3 BASIC SENTENCE STRUCTURE (SVO)

German word order is usually: Subject โ€“ Verb โ€“ Object

SUBJECT
(Who?)
๐Ÿ‘ค
โžก๏ธ
VERB
(What does
the subject do?)

๐Ÿƒ
โžก๏ธ
OBJECT
(What / Whom?)
๐ŸŽ
EXAMPLES:
โ€ข Ich
S
esse
V
einen Apfel.
O
(I eat an apple.)
โ€ข Er
S
trinkt
V
Wasser.
O
(He drinks water.)
โ€ข Sie
S
liest
V
ein Buch.
O
(She reads a book.)
WORD ORDER TIPS
  • โœ… In a main clause, verb is in position 2.
  • โœ… In a yes/no question, verb comes first.
  • โœ… In a statement, subject comes first.
4 YES / NO QUESTIONS

Verb comes FIRST, then the subject.

VERB
(First)
+
SUBJECT
+
REST OF
THE SENTENCE
EXAMPLES:

โ€ข Isst     du     einen Apfel?
(Do you eat an apple?)

โ€ข Kommt   er     aus Deutschland?
(Does he come from Germany?)

โ€ข Hast    du     einen Hund?
(Do you have a dog?)

Common Question Words
Wer?who?
Was?what?
Wo?where?
Wann?when?
Warum?why?
Wie?how?
?
5 NEGATION

Make a sentence negative with nicht (not) or kein (no / not a).

MIT "NICHT" (not)

Place nicht after the verb.

โ€ข Ich trinke nicht Kaffee.
(I do not drink coffee.)

โ€ข Er spielt nicht FuรŸball.
(He does not play football.)

ร—
MIT "KEIN" (no / not a)

Use kein before a noun.

โ€ข Ich habe keinen Hund.
(I do not have a dog.)

โ€ข Das ist kein Buch.
(That is not a book.)

โœ“
๐Ÿ’ก
nicht = not (for verbs, adjectives, adverbs)
kein  = no / not a (for nouns)
6 POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS (My, Your, His...)

They show ownership and come before the noun.

SUBJECT MASCULINE
(der ...)
FEMININE
(die ...)
NEUTER
(das ...)
PLURAL
(die ...)
ich (I)meinmeinemeinmeine
du (you)deindeinedeindeine
er (he)seinseineseinseine
sie (she)ihrihreihrihre
es (it)seinseineseinseine
wir (we)unserunsereunserunsere
ihr (you pl.)euereureeuereure
sie/Sie (they/you f.)ihr / Ihrihre / Ihreihr / Ihrihre / Ihre
EXAMPLES:

โ€ข Mein Vater ist nett.
(My father is kind.)

โ€ข Das ist ihre Tasche.
(That is her bag.)

โ€ข Unser Haus ist groรŸ.
(Our house is big.)

๐Ÿก
7 QUICK RECAP
  • โœ”๏ธ Every noun has a gender: der (m), die (f), das (n), die (pl).
  • โœ”๏ธ Use articles before nouns.
  • โœ”๏ธ Use pronouns to avoid repeating nouns.
  • โœ”๏ธ Basic word order: Subject โ€“ Verb โ€“ Object.
  • โœ”๏ธ Verb comes first in yes/no questions.
  • โœ”๏ธ Use nicht for negation (verbs, adjectives).
  • โœ”๏ธ Use kein for negation (nouns).
  • โœ”๏ธ Possessive pronouns show ownership.
๐ŸŽฏ
8 MINI PRACTICE โ€“ TRY YOURSELF!

Choose the correct option.

1) _________ Mann liest ein Buch.
a) Der b) Die c) Das
4) _________ du aus Indien?
a) Bist b) Sind c) Ist
2) Ich habe _________ Hund.
a) ein b) eine c) einen
5) Sie spielt _________ Tennis.
a) nicht b) kein c) keine
3) Er trinkt _________ Wasser.
a) ein b) einen c) eine
6) Das ist _________ Auto.
a) sein b) ihre c) mein
Check your answers and practice every day! ๐Ÿ“
โญ GERMAN A1 โญ
๐Ÿ’ก KEY IDEA
In German, the verb shows the action and tells us WHO does WHAT and WHEN. โค๏ธ

VERB SYSTEM

(PRESENT + MODAL)
VERBS ARE THE HEART OF EVERY SENTENCE!
1 REGULAR VERBS (PRESENT TENSE)

Most German verbs follow a simple pattern.

machen (to do / make)
PERSONCONJUGATION
ichmache
dumachst
er / sie / esmacht
wirmachen
ihrmacht
sie / Siemachen
spielen (to play)
PERSONCONJUGATION
ichspiele
duspielst
er / sie / esspielt
wirspielen
ihrspielt
sie / Siespielen
๐Ÿ’ก
RULE:
ich → -e  |  du → -st  |  er/sie/es → -t  |  wir → -en  |  ihr → -t  |  sie/Sie → -en
2 IRREGULAR VERBS (PRESENT TENSE)

These verbs are very common โ€“ learn them well!

sein (to be)
PERSONCONJUGATION
ichbin
dubist
er / sie / esist
wirsind
ihrseid
sie / Siesind
haben (to have)
PERSONCONJUGATION
ichhabe
duhast
er / sie / eshat
wirhaben
ihrhabt
sie / Siehaben
โญ
EXAMPLES:
โ€ข Ich bin mรผde. (I am tired.)
โ€ข Du hast einen Hund. (You have a dog.)
3 MODAL VERBS (PRESENT TENSE) Modal verbs come before the main verb (which goes to the end).
๐Ÿ’ก FORMULA: Subject + Modal Verb + (Object) + Main Verb (at the end)
Beispiel: Ich kann gut Deutsch sprechen.
(I can speak German well.)
4 VERB POSITION RULES
โœ…
Statements (Normal Sentences)
Verb in 2nd position
SUBJECT
+
VERB
+
OBJECT / REST
โ€ข Ichgehenach Hause.(I go home.)
โ€ข SiespieltFuรŸball.(She plays football.)
โ“
Yes / No Questions
Verb in 1st position
VERB
+
SUBJECT
+
OBJECT / REST
?
โ€ข Gehstduzur Schule?(Do you go to school?)
โ€ข SpieltsieTennis?(Does she play tennis?)
5 SEPARABLE VERBS

The prefix goes to the end in main clauses.

VERB MEANING EXAMPLE (Statement) EXAMPLE (Question)
aufstehen to get up Ich stehe um 7 Uhr auf. Stehst du um 7 Uhr auf?
einkaufen to shop Wir kaufen am Samstag ein. Kauft ihr am Samstag ein?
anrufen to call Er ruft mich an. Rufst du mich an?
mitmachen to take part Ich mache mit. Machst du mit?
๐Ÿงฉ
REMEMBER:
In infinitive (dictionary form), separable verbs stay together.
aufstehen, einkaufen, anrufen, mitmachen
6 COMMON VERB ENDINGS SUMMARY
PERSON REGULAR VERBS EXAMPLE:
machen
EXAMPLE:
spielen
ich -e mache spiele
du -st machst spielst
er / sie / es -t macht spielt
wir -en machen spielen
ihr -t macht spielt
sie / Sie -en machen spielen
โญ TIP: Practice these endings with any regular verb! โœ๏ธ
7 QUICK PRACTICE

Put the verb in the correct form.

1. Ich (machen) meine Hausaufgaben.
2. Du (sein) sehr nett.
3. Er (spielen) Gitarre.
4. Wir (mรผssen) frรผh aufstehen.
5. Ihr (wollen) ins Kino gehen.
6. Sie (kรถnnen) gut kochen.
๐Ÿ“‹
Check your answers and practice every day! ๐Ÿ’ช
โญ GERMAN A1 โญ
Word
order makes
all the
difference!
๐Ÿ’ก

GERMAN SENTENCE
STRUCTURE & QUESTIONS (A1)

Speak in the right order. Be understood with confidence!
1 BASIC SENTENCE STRUCTURE (SVO)

German follows the order: Subject โ€“ Verb โ€“ Object

SUBJECT
(Who?)
๐Ÿ‘ค
โžก๏ธ
VERB
(What does
the subject do?)

๐Ÿƒ
โžก๏ธ
OBJECT
(What / Whom?)
๐ŸŽ
EXAMPLES:
SUBJECT
(Who?)
VERB
(What?)
OBJECT
(What / Whom?)
ENGLISH
Ich esse einen Apfel. I eat an apple.
Sie liest ein Buch. She reads a book.
Wir spielen FuรŸball. We play football.
Er trinkt Wasser. He drinks water.
Du machst deine Hausaufgaben. You do your
homework.
2 YES / NO QUESTIONS (INVERSION)

Verb comes FIRST, then the subject.

VERB
(First)
+
SUBJECT
(Who?)
+
REST OF THE
SENTENCE
?
EXAMPLES:
Isst       du    einen Apfel? Do you eat an apple?
Spielst   du    FuรŸball? Do you play football?
Kommt er    aus Deutschland? Does he come from Germany?
Hast     du    einen Hund? Do you have a dog?
Trinkt   die Katze Milch? Does the cat drink milk?
๐Ÿ’ก
QUICK TIP
For Yes/No questions = Verb first.
For statements = Verb second.
3 W-QUESTIONS (INFORMATION QUESTIONS)

W-word comes FIRST, then the verb.

W-WORD
(Information)
+
VERB
(Second)
+
SUBJECT
(Who?)
+
REST OF THE
SENTENCE
?
COMMON W-WORDS
๐Ÿ‘ค Wer? Who? ๐Ÿ“ฆ Was? What? ๐Ÿ“ Wo? Where? ๐Ÿ•’ Wann? When? โ“ Warum? Why? ๐Ÿ˜ƒ Wie? How?
EXAMPLES:
Wer spricht Deutsch? Who speaks German?
Was machst du? What are you doing?
Wo wohnst du? Where do you live?
Wann kommt der Bus? When does the bus come?
Warum lernst du Deutsch? Why are you learning German?
Wie geht es dir? How are you?
๐Ÿ’ก W-word + Verb + Subject + Rest of the sentence?
4 NEGATION IN SENTENCES

Place nicht (not) and kein (no / not a) in the right position.

NICHT (not)

Used with verbs, adjectives, adverbs.

โ€ข Ich trinke nicht Kaffee.
(I do not drink coffee.)

โ€ข Er spielt nicht FuรŸball.
(He does not play football.)

โ€ข Sie arbeitet heute nicht.
(She is not working today.)

ร—
KEIN (no / not a)

Used with nouns.

โ€ข Ich habe keinen Hund.
(I do not have a dog.)

โ€ข Das ist kein Buch.
(That is not a book.)

โ€ข Er hat keine Zeit.
(He has no time.)

โœ“
๐Ÿ’ก
RULE: nicht goes after the verb. kein goes before the noun.
EXAMPLE:
Ich habe heute keinen Kaffee.
I don't have coffee today.
5 TIME โ€“ MANNER โ€“ PLACE (TMP) RULE

In German, time, manner and place usually come at the END.

SUBJECT
+
VERB
+
OBJECT
+
TIME
(Wann?)
+
MANNER
(Wie?)
+
PLACE
(Wo?)
EXAMPLES:
โ€ข Ich esse einen Apfel morgens schnell zu Hause.
I eat an apple in the morning quickly at home.
โ€ข Wir gehen ins Kino heute Abend gern in Berlin.
We go to the cinema tonight happily in Berlin.
โ€ข Sie lernt Deutsch jeden Tag fleiรŸig in der Schule.
She learns German every day diligently at school.
ORDER:
1. TIME       (Wann?)  โ€“  When?
2. MANNER   (Wie?)     โ€“  How?
3. PLACE      (Wo?)      โ€“  Where?
๐Ÿ•’
6 MORE EXAMPLE SENTENCES
TYPE GERMAN SENTENCE ENGLISH
Statement Er kauft ein Buch morgen. He buys a book tomorrow.
Yes / No Kommst du mit? Are you coming with (us)?
W-Question Wo wohnst du? Where do you live?
Negation Ich habe kein Auto. I don't have a car.
Statement (TMP) Sie trinkt Kaffee am Morgen
zu Hause.
She drinks coffee in the
morning slowly at home.
7 QUICK RECAP
  • โœ”๏ธ Statements: Subject โ€“ Verb โ€“ Object.
  • โœ”๏ธ Yes/No Questions: Verb โ€“ Subject โ€“ Rest.
  • โœ”๏ธ W-Questions: W-word โ€“ Verb โ€“ Subject โ€“ Rest.
  • โœ”๏ธ nicht after the verb.    kein before the noun.
  • โœ”๏ธ Time โ€“ Manner โ€“ Place at the end.
  • โœ”๏ธ Practice every day and speak with confidence!
๐ŸŽฏ
You can
do it!
๐Ÿ˜ƒ
8 MINI PRACTICE โ€“ PUT THE WORDS IN THE CORRECT ORDER
1. du / FuรŸball / spielst ?
2. ich / heute / habe / Zeit / keine .
3. wann / kommt / der Bus ?
4. sie / in Berlin / wohnt .
5. er / nicht / arbeitet / heute .
โญ GERMAN A1 โญ
๐Ÿ’ก In German, the ending of a noun or pronoun changes depending on its JOB in the sentence.

GERMAN CASES A1

NOMINATIVE & ACCUSATIVE
Two main cases you need for A1!
1 NOMINATIVE CASE (WER?)

Used for the SUBJECT of the sentence.

๐Ÿ‘ค
The Subject does the action.
Der Mann lรคuft. (The man runs.)
2 ACCUSATIVE CASE (WEN? / WAS?)

Used for the DIRECT OBJECT of the verb.

๐ŸŽฏ
The Direct Object receives the action.
Ich sehe den Hund.
(I see the dog.)
3 ARTICLE CHANGES (NOMINATIVE → ACCUSATIVE)
GENDER NOMINATIVE (Subject) ACCUSATIVE (Direct Object) EXAMPLES
INDEFINITE
(a / an)
DEFINITE
(the)
INDEFINITE
(a / an)
DEFINITE
(the)
๐Ÿ‘ค MASCULINE
der Mann
ein Mann
(a man)
der Mann
(the man)
einen Mann
(a man)
den Mann
(the man)
โ€ข Der Mann arbeitet. (Subject)
โ€ข Ich sehe einen Mann. (Object)
โ€ข Ich sehe den Mann. (Object)
๐Ÿ‘ฉ FEMININE
die Frau
eine Frau
(a woman)
die Frau
(the woman)
eine Frau
(a woman)
die Frau
(the woman)
โ€ข Die Frau singt. (Subject)
โ€ข Ich sehe eine Frau. (Object)
โ€ข Ich sehe die Frau. (Object)
๐ŸŽ NEUTER
das Kind
ein Kind
(a child)
das Kind
(the child)
ein Kind
(a child)
das Kind
(the child)
โ€ข Das Kind spielt. (Subject)
โ€ข Ich sehe ein Kind. (Object)
โ€ข Ich sehe das Kind. (Object)
๐Ÿ‘ฅ PLURAL
die Kinder
โ€“
(no a/an)
die Kinder
(the children)
โ€“
(no a/an)
die Kinder
(the children)
โ€ข Die Kinder lernen. (Subject)
โ€ข Ich sehe die Kinder. (Object)
4 PERSONAL PRONOUNS
NOMINATIVE (Subject)
Who?
ACCUSATIVE (Direct Object)
Whom? / What?
ich (I) โ†’ mich (me)
du (you) โ†’ dich (you)
er (he) โ†’ ihn (him)
sie (she) โ†’ sie (her)
es (it) โ†’ es (it)
wir (we) โ†’ uns (us)
ihr (you pl.) โ†’ euch (you pl.)
Sie (you for.) โ†’ Sie (you for.)
5 HOW IT WORKS โ€“ LOOK AT THE ROLES!
Der Mann โ†“
NOMINATIVE
(Subject)
Who does the action? ๐Ÿ‘ฆ
sieht โ†“
VERB
(Action)
๐Ÿ‘๏ธ
den Hund. โ†“
ACCUSATIVE
(Object)
Who/what receives
the action?
๐Ÿ•
MORE EXAMPLES:

โ€ข Die Frau liest ein Buch.
(She reads a book.)

โ€ข Ich kaufe eine Blume.
(I buy a flower.)

โ€ข Wir sehen die Kinder.
(We see the children.)

โ€ข Er hat einen Ball.
(He has a ball.)

6 QUICK RULES
๐Ÿ‘ค
1. Nominative = Subject (Wer?)
Use it for the person/thing that does the action.
๐ŸŽฏ
2. Accusative = Direct Object (Wen? / Was?)
Use it for the person/thing that receives the action.
๐Ÿ”„
3. Most changes happen with ARTICLES and
PRONOUNS, not with the noun itself.
๐Ÿ’ก
4. Plural "die" stays the same in both cases.
7 COMMON PREPOSITIONS (Always take ACCUSATIVE)

After these prepositions, the object is in ACCUSATIVE.

durch
through
fรผr
for
gegen
against
ohne
without
um
around
(at time)
bis
until
EXAMPLES:
โ€ข Ich gehe durch den Park. (I go through the park.)
โ€ข Das Geschenk ist fรผr meine Mutter. (The gift is for my mother.)
โ€ข Er spielt gegen seinen Bruder. (He plays against his brother.)
8 QUICK PRACTICE โ€“ CHOOSE THE CORRECT FORM
1. Ich sehe ______ Frau.
a) eine b) einen c) ein
2. Der Hund frisst ______ Knochen.
a) ein b) einen c) eine
3. Wir besuchen ______ Freunde.
a) einen b) ein c) eine
4. Sie liest ______ Buch.
a) ein b) einen c) eine
5. Er kauft ______ Apfel.
a) ein b) eine c) einen
6. Ich helfe ______ Kindern. (Dative preview!)
a) die b) den c) das
ANSWERS:
1a, 2b, 3c,
4a, 5c, 6b
โœ“
โญ GERMAN A1 โญ
๐Ÿ’ก Master these basics and you will understand and speak German with confidence!

A1 ESSENTIALS ADD-ON

THE FINAL PIECES TO COMPLETE YOUR A1 JOURNEY!
Small topics. Big difference!
1 THE DATIVE CASE (WEM?)

Used for the INDIRECT OBJECT โ€“ the receiver of the action.

SUBJECT
(Who?)
Ich
โžก๏ธ
VERB
(What?)
gebe
โžก๏ธ
DATIVE OBJECT
(Whom?)
meiner Schwester
DATIVE ARTICLES
GENDERINDEFINITE (ein)DEFINITE (der/die/das)EXAMPLE
Masculine (der)einemdemIch helfe einem Mann. (I help a man.)
Feminine (die)einerderIch helfe der Frau. (I help the woman.)
Neuter (das)einemdemIch helfe dem Kind. (I help the child.)
Plural (die)โ€“den +nIch helfe den Kindern. (I help the children.)
DATIVE PERSONAL PRONOUNS
NOMINATIVEichduersieeswirihrSie
โ†ณโ†“โ†“โ†“โ†“โ†“โ†“โ†“โ†“
DATIVEmirdirihmihrihmunseuchIhnen
๐Ÿ’ก TIP: Dative answers the question WEM? (to whom? for whom?)
2 COMMON PREPOSITIONS
A) DATIVE PREPOSITIONS (WEM?)
๐Ÿง‘โ€๐Ÿคโ€๐Ÿง‘
mit
(with)
๐Ÿก
bei
(at, with)
๐Ÿ“ฆ
von
(from, of)
โžก๏ธ
zu
(to, at)
Examples:
โ€ข Ich gehe mit meinem Freund. (I go with my friend.)
โ€ข Sie ist bei ihrer Oma. (She is at her grandma's.)
โ€ข Das Buch ist von meinem Bruder. (The book is from my brother.)
โ€ข Ich gehe zu meiner Schule. (I go to my school.)
B) TWO-WAY PREPOSITIONS (Accusative or Dative)

The case depends on MOVEMENT or POSITION.

๐Ÿ“ฆ
in (in)
MOTION (wohin?)
Akkusativ
Ich gehe in die Stadt. (I go into the city.)
POSITION (wo?)
Dativ
Ich bin in der Stadt. (I am in the city.)
๐Ÿช‘
auf (on)
MOTION (wohin?)
Akkusativ
Ich lege das Buch auf den Tisch. (I put the book on the table.)
POSITION (wo?)
Dativ
Das Buch liegt auf dem Tisch. (The book is on the table.)
๐Ÿ’ก
an (at, on)
MOTION (wohin?)
Akkusativ
Ich stelle die Lampe an den Tisch. (I put the lamp at the table.)
POSITION (wo?)
Dativ
Die Lampe steht an dem Tisch. (The lamp is at the table.)
3 SEPARABLE VERBS โ€“ QUICK RECAP

The prefix goes to the END in main clauses.

VERBMEANINGEXAMPLE (Statement)EXAMPLE (Question)
aufstehento get upIch stehe um 6 Uhr auf.Stehst du um 6 Uhr auf?
einkaufento shopWir kaufen am Samstag ein.Kauft ihr am Samstag ein?
fernsehento watch TVIch sehe am Abend fern.Siehst du am Abend fern?
anrufento callEr ruft mich an.Rufst du mich an?
mitmachento take partIch mache mit.Machst du mit?
๐Ÿ’ฌ
TIP: In questions, the verb (with prefix) comes FIRST!
Beispiel:     Stehst du frรผh auf?           Nein, ich stehe nicht frรผh auf.
                (Do you get up early?)           (No, I don't get up early.)
4 USEFUL SENTENCE PATTERNS
๐ŸŽ I have ... Ich habe ... Ich habe einen Hund. (I have a dog.)
๐ŸŽ‚ I am ... years old. Ich bin ... Jahre alt. Ich bin 20 Jahre alt. (I am 20 years old.)
๐ŸŒ I am from ... Ich komme aus ... Ich komme aus Indien. (I come from India.)
๐Ÿ  I live in ... Ich wohne in ... Ich wohne in Berlin. (I live in Berlin.)
โค๏ธ I like ... Ich mag ... Ich mag Kaffee. (I like coffee.)
๐Ÿ’” I don't like ... Ich mag nicht ... Ich mag keinen Fisch. (I don't like fish.)
๐Ÿ’ก TIP: Use these patterns to speak and write with confidence!
5 WRITING PRACTICE โ€“ EMAIL & MESSAGE TEMPLATES
6 PRACTICE CHECKLIST
  • ๐Ÿ™‹ I can introduce myself and others.
  • ๐Ÿ‘จโ€๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€๐Ÿ‘ง I can talk about my family, hobbies.
  • ๐Ÿ’ฌ I can ask and answer common questions.
  • ABC I understand and use articles and cases.
  • ๐Ÿƒ I can use verbs in the present tense.
  • ๐Ÿ“ I know common prepositions and use them.
  • ๐Ÿ“ I can write short texts (messages, emails).
  • ๐Ÿ“– I can understand simple texts and dialogues.
  • ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ I can speak slowly and clearly.
  • โญ I practice every day!
โญ GERMAN A1 โญ

CONVERSATIONS & EXAM PREP

SPEAK โ€“ UNDERSTAND โ€“ SUCCEED!
Useful dialogues for everyday situations + exam success tips
1 REAL-LIFE CONVERSATIONS
Introducing Yourself
Hallo! Ich heiรŸe Lukas.
Wie heiรŸt du?
Hello! My name is Lukas. What's your name?
Hallo, Lukas!
Ich heiรŸe Anna. Freut mich!
Hello, Lukas! My name is Anna. Nice to meet you!
๐Ÿ’ก NรœTZLICHE Wร–RTER: hallo (hello) โ€ข freut mich (nice to meet you) โ€ข heiรŸen (to be called)
Ordering Food / Drinks
Guten Tag!
Ich hรคtte gern eine Pizza, bitte.
Good day! I'd like a pizza, please.
Und was mรถchten Sie trinken?
And what would you like to drink?
Ein Wasser, bitte.
A water, please.
Alles klar. Das macht 12,50 Euro.
Alright. That's 12.50 euros.
๐Ÿ’ก NรœTZLICHE Wร–RTER: bitte (please) โ€ข gern (gladly) โ€ข trinken (to drink) โ€ข die Rechnung (the bill)
Asking for Directions
Entschuldigung! Wo ist der Bahnhof?
Excuse me! Where is the train station?
Gehen Sie geradeaus und dann links. Der Bahnhof ist gleich dort.
Go straight and then left. The train station is right there.
Vielen Dank!
Thank you very much!
๐Ÿ’ก NรœTZLICHE Wร–RTER: entschuldigung (excuse me) โ€ข geradeaus (straight ahead) โ€ข links/rechts (left/right)
2 EXAM FORMAT OVERVIEW

The A1 exam has four parts.

๐ŸŽง

LISTENING (Hร–REN)

20 min

Listen to short dialogues and announcements. Choose the correct answer.

๐Ÿ“–

READING (LESEN)

25 min

Read short texts, signs, menus, emails, notes. Choose the correct answer.

โœ๏ธ

WRITING (SCHREIBEN)

20 min

Fill in forms, write short messages or emails.

๐Ÿ’ฌ

SPEAKING (SPRECHEN)

15 min

Talk with the examiner. Introduce yourself, answer questions, role-play.

3 EXAMPLE QUESTIONS
๐ŸŽง LISTENING
Wie heiรŸt der Mann?
a) Peter    b) Paul    c) Max

Wo ist die Frau?
a) im Cafรฉ   b) im Park   c) im Kino
๐Ÿ“– READING
Wo kann man diese Information lesen?
(Train - 10:30 - Gleis 3)
a) im Fahrplan   b) im Menรผ   c) im Wetterbericht
โœ๏ธ WRITING
Schreib eine kurze E-Mail (20-30 Wรถrter). Du fragst nach Informationen รผber eine Sprachschule.
๐Ÿ’ฌ SPEAKING
Stell dich vor.
Wie heiรŸt du?
Woher kommst du?
Was machst du gern?
4 SPEAKING TIPS
๐Ÿ™‚
Use simple sentences.
Short and clear is best!
Ich heiรŸe Anna. Ich komme aus Deutschland.
๐Ÿข
Speak slowly and clearly.
Take your time.
Langsam und deutlich sprechen.
๐Ÿ‘
Use phrases you know.
It's okay if it's not perfect.
Ich weiรŸ nicht. / Kรถnnen Sie das bitte wiederholen?
๐Ÿ‘‚
Listen to the question carefully.
Answer the question!
Hรถren โ€“ Verstehen โ€“ Antworten.
โค๏ธ
Be friendly and confident.
Smile! The examiner is there to help you.
5 USEFUL PHRASES
EVERYDAY PHRASES ๐Ÿ’ฌ

Ich verstehe nicht.
(I don't understand.)

Kรถnnen Sie das bitte wiederholen?
(Can you please repeat that?)

โ€ข Wie bitte?
(Pardon?)

โ€ข Keine Ahnung.
(I have no idea.)

โ€ข Das weiรŸ ich nicht.
(I don't know that.)

GIVING INFORMATION โ„น๏ธ

โ€ข Ich komme aus ...
(I come from ...)

โ€ข Ich wohne in ...
(I live in ...)

โ€ข Ich bin ... Jahre alt.
(I am ... years old.)

โ€ข Ich habe ... Geschwister.
(I have ... siblings.)

โ€ข In meiner Freizeit ...
(In my free time ...)

6 PRACTICE CHECKLIST
๐Ÿ“‹
  • โœ”๏ธ I can introduce myself.
  • โœ”๏ธ I can ask and answer simple questions.
  • โœ”๏ธ I can understand short texts and signs.
  • โœ”๏ธ I can write short emails and forms.
  • โœ”๏ธ I can talk about myself and my day.
  • โœ”๏ธ I practice every day!
โญ Kleine Schritte jeden Tag bringen groรŸe Fortschritte!
Small steps every day lead to big progress!
7 COMMON TOPICS TO PRACTICE
๐Ÿ‘ฆ รœber mich
About me
๐Ÿก Meine Familie
My family
๐ŸŽธ Freizeit
Hobbies
๐Ÿ›๏ธ Einkaufen
Shopping
๐Ÿ—บ๏ธ Stadt & Orte
Places in town
๐Ÿฅ— Essen & Trinken
Food & drinks
โญ GERMAN A1 โญ

VOCABULARY THEMES

Essential words for everyday communication!
1 FOOD & DRINKS ๐Ÿด
๐Ÿž
das Brot
(bread)
๐ŸŽ
der Apfel
(apple)
๐Ÿง€
der Kรคse
(cheese)
๐Ÿ’ง
das Wasser
(water)
๐Ÿฅ›
die Milch
(milk)
โ˜•
der Kaffee
(coffee)
๐Ÿงƒ
der Saft
(juice)
๐Ÿฅ—
das Essen
(food)
๐Ÿ’ก TIPP: Learn with the article (der/die/das) โ€“ it's part of the word!
2 FAMILY โค๏ธ
๐Ÿ‘จ
der Vater
(father)
๐Ÿ‘ฉ
die Mutter
(mother)
๐Ÿ‘ฆ
der Bruder
(brother)
๐Ÿ‘ง
die Schwester
(sister)
๐Ÿ‘ด
der Opa
(grandfather)
๐Ÿ‘ต
die Oma
(grandmother)
๐Ÿ‘จโ€ms
der Onkel
(uncle)
๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€ms
die Tante
(aunt)
๐Ÿ’ก TIPP: Use family words to talk about the people you love!
3 TRAVEL & TRANSPORT ๐ŸšŒ
๐Ÿš—
das Auto
(car)
๐Ÿš†
der Zug
(train)
๐ŸšŒ
der Bus
(bus)
โœˆ๏ธ
das Flugzeug
(airplane)
๐Ÿšฒ
das Fahrrad
(bicycle)
๐Ÿš‡
die U-Bahn
(subway)
๐ŸŽซ
das Ticket
(ticket)
๐Ÿ—บ๏ธ
die Karte
(map)
๐Ÿ’ก TIPP: Perfect for asking for directions and talking about trips!
4 HOME & FURNITURE ๐Ÿ 
๐Ÿ 
das Haus
(house)
๐Ÿšช
die Tรผr
(door)
๐ŸชŸ
das Fenster
(window)
๐Ÿ›๏ธ
das Bett
(bed)
๐Ÿช‘
der Tisch
(table)
๐Ÿช‘
der Stuhl
(chair)
๐Ÿ›‹๏ธ
das Sofa
(sofa)
๐Ÿช”
die Lampe
(lamp)
๐Ÿ’ก TIPP: Use these words to describe your home!
5 NUMBERS & TIME ๐Ÿ•’
Numbers 1-10
1eins(one)
2zwei(two)
3drei(three)
4vier(four)
5fรผnf(five)
6sechs(six)
7sieben(seven)
8acht(eight)
9neun(nine)
10zehn(ten)
Time Words
๐Ÿ•’
die Uhr
(clock)
โณ
die Zeit
(time)
โ˜€๏ธ
der Tag
(day)
๐ŸŒ…
der Morgen
(morning)
๐ŸŒ™
der Abend
(evening)
๐Ÿ’ก TIPP: Practice numbers and time every day!
6 JOBS (OCCUPATIONS) ๐Ÿ’ผ
๐Ÿ‘จโ€โš•๏ธ
der Arzt
(doctor)
๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€๐Ÿซ
die Lehrerin
(teacher)
๐Ÿ‘ทโ€โ™‚๏ธ
der Ingenieur
(engineer)
๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€โš•๏ธ
die
Krankenschwester
(nurse)
๐Ÿ‘ฎโ€โ™‚๏ธ
der Polizist
(police officer)
๐Ÿคตโ€โ™‚๏ธ
der Kellner
(waiter)
๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€๐Ÿณ
die Kรถchin
(cook)
๐Ÿ‘จโ€๐ŸŽ“
der Student
(student)
๐Ÿ’ก TIPP: Use these words to talk about what people do!
EXTRA USEFUL WORDS โญ
๐Ÿ‘ gut
(good)
๐Ÿ™‚ danke
(thank you)
๐Ÿ‘‹ hallo
(hello)
๐Ÿ‘‹ tschรผss
(goodbye)
โ“ bitte?
(please?)
โœ… ja
(yes)
โŒ nein
(no)
๐Ÿ† LEARN โ€“ PRACTICE โ€“ SPEAK
  • โœ”๏ธ Learn a little every day.
  • โœ”๏ธ Practice using the words.
  • โœ”๏ธ Use them in real conversations.
Viel Erfolg! (Good luck!) ๐Ÿš€